REPORTING GUIDE FOR ANALYSIS URINE SAMPLE

  •  DATE =?

1.0 TITLE: Physical and Chemical Analysis of Urine

1.1 AIM: To Analyze Urine sample for it Physical and Chemical properties

1.2: MATERIALS:

1.3: PROCEDURE, PRINCIPLE AND RESULTS

  • The urine sample was macroscopically examined.
  • The universal sterile urine container was carefully open and Dipstick (strip) was deep into the urine sample gently.
  • Upon withdrawal of the Dipstick, excess urine was wiped off gently by repeatedly moving the Dipstick across the rim of the container horizontally.
  • The dipstick was left on the bench for 30-60 sec after which it was then compared to the result reference chart on the Body of Dipstick package.

 

Parameter

Principle of Reaction on Dipstick

Inference

Results

Appearance

Macroscopic Observation against light

Clear

Normal

Color

Macroscopic and Visual Observation

Amber

Normal

Oduor

Characteristic Smell

Aromatic/faint

Normal

Specific Gravity (SG)

Measures ion concentration; based on pKa change of polyelectrolyte in relation to ionic concentration. More ions = lower pKa = color change.

1.010-1.025

Normal Hydration

pH

Double indicator system (methyl red and bromothymol blue).

4.5-8.0

Neutral

Slightly Acidic or Basic

Protein

Protein error of indicators (tetra bromophenol blue). At constant pH, protein accepts H+ from indicator, changing its color.

Negative to trace

Normal

Glucose

Glucose oxidase/peroxidase reaction. Glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and H2O2. Peroxidase then reacts H2O2 with chromogen.

Negative

Normo-glycaemic

Blood

Pseudo peroxidase activity of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin catalyzes the oxidation of a chromogen by an organic peroxide.

Negative

Normal

Leukocyte Esterase 

Leukocyte esterase (enzyme from neutrophils) catalyzes the hydrolysis of an ester, releasing an aromatic compound that reacts with a diazonium salt.

Negative

No infection

 

 

2.0 GENERAL COMMENT / INTERPRETATION

Comment:

(e.g., Presence of WBCs and positive nitrites suggest urinary tract infection.)

Interpretation (if required):

(e.g., Normal urinalysis; no evidence of infection or renal abnormality.)

 

Get more information on type of urine collection for specific analyte and associated conditions in Learning guide for Clinical Chemistry (Chemical Pathology)

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